In the Indian context with smart city program launched in 2015, there lies much hypes and referred to cities to be technologically advanced and smart in information & communications.Īs author says sustainability as such has no benchmark. The book demonstrates changing definitions of architecture and town planning with understanding the complexities of the city design. Most of developing nations are approaching 0.7 HDI which is considered 'high human development', the bench mark given by United Nations. We are probably in the most peaceful and advance stage of development since the beginning of human evolution on the earth. Initially, cities evolved in response to natural boundaries then adopted trade, war & industry and now days based on environmental & sustainable concepts to offer better quality of life. It is a purely technical book designed for the noble profession of Architecture and Planning but it widens its wings to invite casual readers too for understanding human history, settlements & evolution of cities.

It is a delightful journey of reading human evolution and its continuous progress and advancement in human development and settlements. Charanjit Singh Shah makes a simple yet bold intent of writing the book 'Redefining Indian Smart & Sustainable Cities'.

'Cities are manifestations of human civilization' Prof.

Finite element method mathematica